At the top of the machine, housed in the truss, is an electric motor that runs the four primary gears all models have — two drive gears on either side at the top, and two return gears on either side at the bottom. Chains loop around the gears and run down each side. These chains are connected to each step and help each make their way up or down at a speed that is set by the motor, often through an electronic control panel..
The way the steps flatten out at the tops and bottoms has to do with how each step is constructed as a unit. In most cases, the stairs themselves are little more than flattened metal with four wheels attached to the underside, two each on the top and bottom.
The two wheels that are closest to the top of the step connect to the two chains that loop around the gears. The horizontal positioning of that chain at the top and bottom causes the steps, in turn, to flatten out. The two wheels that are closest to the bottom of the step roll along a rail within the truss for stability. The handrails that riders use for balance and safety on their ride up or down are usually powered by the same system that powers the steps.
The handrails are essentially long rubber loops connected to the two drive gears at the top and powered by the same electric motor that powers the steps. Their speed is usually controlled automatically by the drive gears so that they are in perfect synch with the steps. The concept of the modern escalator has been around for a long time. While the bottom plate accommodates return gear. The truss is another hollow metallic structure that bridges upper and lower landing.
The balustrade is another component that supports handrails. It is made up of glass, plastic or metal. The track is located inside the truss. It pulls the stairs in a continuous fashion. Furthermore, another important component is the stairs themselves.
These are a solid one-piece structure made up of metal or aluminum. They have yellow markings to indicate edges. One more important component is handrail. Handrail moves at the same speed of stairs. They provide support to passengers. The escalators generally move at the speed of ft per second.
The usual angle is 30 degrees from the ground. Most of the escalators have single-piece aluminum steps that move along the track by electric motors. In addition, the escalators have different configurations. Parallel, multiple parallel, and criss-cross configuration. The moving handrails move along the escalator providing support to passengers. You can permanently set the direction of travel. Even you can control it manually according to the requirement or flow of the crowd. Sometimes even you have the option of automatic control.
Safety is a major concern in the case of escalators. The motor and chain system are housed inside the truss , a metal structure extending between two floors. Instead of moving a flat surface, as in a conveyer belt, the chain loops move a series of steps. The coolest thing about an escalator is the way these steps move. As the chains move, the steps always stay level. At the top and bottom of the escalator, the steps collapse on each other, creating a flat platform.
This makes it easier to get on and off the escalator. Each step in the escalator has two sets of wheels, which roll along two separate tracks. The upper set the wheels near the top of the step are connected to the rotating chains, and so are pulled by the drive gear at the top of the escalator. The other set of wheels simply glides along its track, following behind the first set. The tracks are spaced apart in such a way that each step will always remain level.
At the top and bottom of the escalator, the tracks level off to a horizontal position, flattening the stairway.
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