The lithospheres plate movement causes the hydrosphere to create a wave, this creates a deadly force that many times hits land masses and destroys the biosphere in that region. Hydrospher e Tsunamis are a result of earthquakes. The energy released from the tension buildup between the plates, that caused the earthquake, causes a wave to form in the ocean. The wave that forms, depending on the amount of energy released from the tension build up between the plates, can cause a large or small wave.
Pollution of water due to the wave destroying things such as sewage facilities causes illness to spread through the water in the region. The after effects of the tsunami are terrible, trees are uprooted, and animal habitats as well as human habitats are destroyed and plant life recovery takes years, many times the resilience of vegetation in regions where tsunamis have hit is very low, due to the soil being polluted, and it takes a very long time to set plants back into the region.
Atmosphere The wave caused by the earthquake is sometimes so powerful that it causes an atmospheric gravity wave to be sent up into the atmosphere in a layer called the ionosphere. However these waves only appear sometimes during tsunamis and are not constant. Mustain, Effects The effects of tsunamis are detrimental and take a very long time to recover from. Tsunamis have such a large effect on the land masses they hit due to the fact that it is abnormal and is a natural disaster that people, animals, and plants are unprepared for.
The positive feedback loop that initially begins with the lithosphere and its plates shifting, colliding, and overlapping with one another to release immense amounts of energy into the hydrosphere causing a wave which then goes on to hit land and destroy and kill the biosphere in that region perpetuates a cycle of destruction and terror.
Even the atmosphere is affected by tsunamis and the energy that is produced from the large wave of destruction. A small wave only 30 centimetres high in the deep ocean may grow into a monster wave 30m high as it sweeps over the shore. The effects can be further amplified where a bay, harbour, or lagoon funnels the waves as they move inland. Large tsunamis have been known to rise to over feet! The amount of energy and water contained in a huge tsunami can cause extreme destruction when it strikes land.
The initial wave of a huge tsunami is extremely tall; however, most damage is not sustained by this wave. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area. It is the power behind the waves, the endless rushing water that causes devastation and loss of life.
When the giant breaking waves of a tsunami batter the shoreline, they can destroy everything in their path. Destruction is caused by two mechanisms: the smashing force of a wall of water traveling at high speed, and the destructive power of a large volume of water draining off the land and carrying all with it, even if the wave did not look large.
Objects and buildings are destroyed by the sheer weight of the water, often reduced to skeletal foundations and exposed bedrock. Large objects such as ships and boulders can be carried several miles inland before the tsunami subsides. Tsunami waves destroy boats, buildings, bridges, cars, trees, telephone lines, power lines - and just about anything else in their way. Once the tsunami waves have knocked down infrastructure on the shore they may continue to travel for several miles inland, sweeping away more trees, buildings, cars and other man made equipment.
Small islands hit by a tsunami are left unrecognizable. Especially along a high seismic area, known as the Ring of Fire , tsunamis may have dramatic consequences as they hit less developed countries.
The buildings infrastructure in these poorer nations are not well built and cannot withstand the impact of the tsunami. Whole areas and towns are a picture of destruction as the tsunami leaves at trail devastation and misery behind it. One of the biggest and worst effects of a tsunami is the cost to human life because unfortunately escaping a tsunami is nearly impossible. Hundreds and thousands of people are killed by tsunamis. Since alone, tsunamis have been responsible for the loss of more than , lives.
There is very little warning before a tsunamis hits land. As the water rushes toward land, it leaves very little time to map an escape plan. People living in coastal regions, towns and villages have no time to escape. The violent force of the tsunami results in instant death, most commonly by drowning. Buildings collapsing, electrocution, and explosions from gas, damaged tanks and floating debris are another cause of death.
Tsunami waves and the receding water are very destructive to structures in the run-up zone. This informative article is also a good reference source and has links to informative sites on the subject. It also includes a list of links of images from the Indian Ocean Tsunami that shook the world. For a geological perspective on the tsunami and how it gathers momentum as it approaches the shore, visit this page. Ecological Impact of the tsunami The Indian Ocean Tsunami was undoubtedly one of the worst the world has ever seen.
Within a short period of time, a trail of devastation made its way halfway around the globe and caused unimaginable misery. Visit this page for a detailed account of the effect of this disaster on individual countries and the environmental consequences.
Various agencies undertook evaluation exercises to gauge the extent of damage and the long-term effects of the tsunami on habitat and man's future. The consequences vary from loss of livelihood for fishermen to unknown damages to coral reefs and flora and fauna where the waves came a few miles inland.
In some fragile areas near the Indonesian coast, it may take years for the coral reefs to get back the balance and mangrove stands and coastal tree plantations may have been destroyed or severely affected. With so much seawater coming inland, salination is another effect that not only makes the soil less fertile to support vegetation but also increases vulnerability to erosion, the impacts of climate change and food insecurity.
For humans, on the other hand, fisheries, housing and infrastructure were the worst affected. For an in-depth account of the ecological and economic consequences of the tsunami, read here. It throws light on how reclamation of land for agriculture and settlement, setting up of resorts in high-risk beaches and the drastic loss of mangrove forests by man increased the damage caused by the tsunami.
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